Constitutional cornerstone defining the office of the Vice-President — the second highest constitutional office in India. Explore text, powers, election process and significance.
Though Article 63 is a single sentence, it establishes the constitutional office of the Vice-President. The succeeding articles (64 to 71) elaborate on the Vice-President’s role, election, term, and functions. As the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the Vice-President holds a unique position in Indian parliamentary democracy.
The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament (MPs) by single transferable vote through proportional representation. Term: 5 years, eligible for re-election.
Acts as Chairman of Rajya Sabha, presides over sessions, maintains order. In case of vacancy in the office of President, the Vice-President acts as President for a maximum period of 6 months until a new President is elected.
Must be citizen of India, over 35 years, qualified for Rajya Sabha membership, and not hold any office of profit under Union/State government.
Oath administered by President or some person appointed. Removal: by resolution of Rajya Sabha passed by effective majority & agreed by Lok Sabha (Article 67(b)).
Drafted by the Constituent Assembly, Article 63 reflects the framers’ vision of a ceremonial yet functional Vice-Presidency. Unlike the US Vice-President, the Indian Vice-President does not automatically succeed the President permanently but acts as a temporary administrator. This ensures stability. Since 1952, India has witnessed dynamic Vice-Presidents like Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, Dr. Zakir Hussain, and M. Venkaiah Naidu who shaped parliamentary traditions.
Article 63 thus acts as the gateway to understanding the second-highest constitutional functionary. It reinforces the checks and balances within the Union executive and legislature.
Article 63 is the foundational clause for the Vice-President. Other articles provide the functional architecture:
Together, these articles form a complete constitutional scheme ensuring continuity of the Union’s executive machinery.
🔍 Notable: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was the first Vice-President (1952–1962) and later became President. The Vice-President’s role as Chairman of Rajya Sabha ensures procedural neutrality in the upper house.
For deeper constitutional study, refer to official documents:
📌 Disclaimer: This page provides educational & informational content about Article 63. For legal interpretation, consult official government sources.